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From the NAMBU website
http://nambufwc.org/japanese-law/trade-union-law/
Q41: The head teacher in my school is a foreigner, and he has been saying bad things about the union. I’m sure the boss told him to do it. Is this ‘control and interference’?
Very probably. It’s not only top managers, but also various levels of supervisors, and even employees acting for the benefit of management who can all be guilty of ‘control and interference’. In Japan, the acts of upper level management, even when not explicitly linked with the intention of the employer, will still be regarded as acts following the employer’s wishes. As for lower level supervisors, if the employer instructed them to perform these acts, or indicated his desire that they perform them, they will be regarded as the employer’s own acts.
http://cocomanager.blogspot.com
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